Modular decomposition of the NOR-TSUM multiple-valued PLA

A method for designing PLA-based combinational circuits by modular decomposition is presented. Main subjects are 1) Specific properties of TSUM operator, 2) MIN-TSUM and NOR-TSUM expansions with respect to the bound set, X1 of variables, 3) Realization of functions by multiple-valued PLA-based combinational circuits, 4) Comparison with other methods. Experimental investigations show that the size of suggested combinational circuit is the same as the size of multiple-valued PLA implementing a multiple-valued logic function with large number of variables

On evolution of relatively large combinational logic circuits

Evolvable hardware (EHW) (Yao and Higuchi, 1999) is a technique introduced to automatically design circuits where the circuit configuration is carried out by evolutionary algorithms. One of the main difficulties in using EHW to solve real-world problems is the scalability. Until now, several strategies have been proposed to avoid this problem, but none of them completely tackle the issue. In this paper three different methods for evolving the most complex circuits have been tested for their scalability. These methods are bi-directional incremental evolution (SO-BIE); generalised disjunction decomposition (GD-BIE) and evolutionary strategies (ES) with dynamic mutation rate. In order to achieve the generalised conclusions the chosen approaches were tested using multipliers, traditionally used in EHW, but also logic circuits taken from MCNC (Yang, 1991) benchmark library and randomly generated circuits. The analysis of the approaches demonstrated that PLA-based ES is capable of evolving logic circuits of up to 12 inputs. The use of SO-BIE allows the generation of fully functional circuits of 14 inputs and GD-BIE is estimated to be able to evolve circuits of 21 inputs

Multiple-valued combinational circuits synthesized using evolvable hardware approach

In this paper a gate-level evolvable hardware technique for designing multiple-valued (MV) circuits, which is easily adapted for the different types of MV gates associated with operations corresponding to different algebra types and can include other more complex logical expressions (e.g.T-gate) is proposed. The technique is based on evolving the functionality and connectivity of a rectangular array of logic cells. The evolved 3-valued 1- digit adder with carry circuit is examined as an example. The issue of choosing the optimal set of MV gates used to evolve circuit is also discussed.Prof. Vlad P. Shmerko and to prof. C. Morag

The genetic algorithm as a discovery engine: Strange circuits and new principles

This paper examines the idea of a genetic or evolutionary algorithm being an inspirational or discovery engine. This is illustrated in the particular context of designing electronic circuits. We argue that by connecting pieces of logic together and testing them to see if they carry out the desired function it may be possible to discover new principles of design, and new algebraic techniques. This is illustrated in the design of binary circuits, particularly arithmetic functions, where we demonstrate that by evolving a hierarchical series of examples, it becomes possible to re-discover the well known ripple-carry principle for building adder circuits of any size. We also examine the much harder case of multiplication. We show also that extending the work into the field of multiple-valued logic, the genetic algorithm is able to produce fully working circuits that lie outside conventional algebra. In addition we look at the issue of principle extraction from evolved data

Evolving PLA structures using evolutionary strategy with dynamic mutation rate

This paper proposes a new evolvable hardware (EHW) technique that allows one to design and optimise relatively complex PLA structures using direct evolutionary process. In order to improve the performance of the evolutionary strategy the authors proposed to introduce the dynamic mutation rate that will be variable to each gene in the chromosome. The experimental results carried out on MCNC benchmarks show that the developed technique significantly outperforms any standard evolvable hardware technique introduced earlier by a number of criteria: time required to evolve logic circuit; evolution of complex circuit using only one direct evolutionary process; guarantee of evolution of fully functional solution

Language Choice and Identity of Karelian and Belarusian Youth (according to Polls of Ethnic Leaders)

A new perspective on the analysis of the linguistic and ethnocultural situation in the Republic of Karelia and the Republic of Belarus is offered in the study. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that, taking into account various initial parameters — geographic distance, form of government, language status — it is proposed to compare the situation in two regions, in which a general tendency is found due to the dominant position of the Russian language. The main attention is paid to clarifying the ethnic well-being of people, to varying degrees, involved in the processes of preserving language and culture. An interpretation and comparison of the reasons for the preference of the Russian language in the network space and in real life is proposed. The article is based on the results of a survey of the translators of the Vkontakte social network interface, materials from biographical interviews with ethnic leaders, and observation data on ethnically oriented events in the regions under consideration. The difference in linguistic attitudes and real practices of using the Karelian and Belarusian languages by activists was revealed. The linguistic reasons (the level of linguistic competence) and the psychological aspect of the ethno-linguistic component in the choice of the dominant language in Karelia and Belarus have been determined

The synthesis method of electronic circuits on PLA using evolutionary algorithms

В статье предлагается алгоритм метода синтеза дискретных схем на ПЛМ с помощью эволюционных принципов. Предлагаемый метод использовался при проектировании блока обработки SpO2 (насыщение артериальной крови кислородом) медицинского электронного прибора. Приведены экспериментальные результаты

Development of electronic circuits using evolutionary computation principles

В статье предлагается использовать эволюционные принципы при проектировании дискретных схем. Метод эволюционного логического проектирования применен при проектировании изделий медицинской электронной техники, в частности, синтезирован блок обработки SpO2